2024年12月6日，由清华大学哲学系主办的“冯友兰中国哲学纪念讲座”第十五讲在清华大学蒙民伟人文楼315会议室举行。爱丁堡大学中国哲学与宗教系耿幽静（Joachim Gentz）教授发表了题为“《公羊传》与《穀梁传》的新翻译、新方法与新诠释》”的讲座。本次讲座由清华大学哲学系丁四新教授主持，清华大学哲学系陈壁生教授、清华大学哲学系高海波副教授、清华大学哲学系袁艾副教授、清华大学国学研究院于超艺博士后、中国社会科学院哲学研究所季磊博士后、鲁汶大学汉学系赵泽煊博士出席了本场讲座并与谈。
On December 6, 2024, the 15th Feng Youlan Memorial Lecture on Chinese Philosophy was held at the School of Humanities, Tsinghua University. Professor Joachim Gentz from the University of Edinburgh delivered a lecture titled “Discussing Translation Studies Approaches and New Translation Methods and Hermeneutics in a New Full English Translation of the Gongyang and Guliang Commentaries.” The lecture was hosted by Professor Ding Sixin from the Department of Philosophy at Tsinghua University, with distinguished discussants including Chen Bisheng, Gao Haibo, Yuan Ai, Yu Chaoyi, Ji Lei, and Markus Haselbeck.
主讲人简介
Joachim Gentz（耿幽静），爱丁堡大学亚洲研究主任，中国哲学与宗教系主任。主要研究方向是中国思想史，研究领域横跨汉学、宗教学、哲学和文化研究等学科。
出版专著包括：
·Understanding Chinese Religions. Edinburgh/London: Dunedin Academic Press, 2013.
·Keywords Re-Oriented. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2009.
·Das Gongyang zhuan. Auslegung und Kanonisierung der Frühlings-und Herbstannalen（Chungiu）. 634pp. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2001.
出版编著包括：
·Transcultural Perspectives on Pre-Modern China (vol. 1 of 4 vols., China and the World - the World and China: Essays in Honor of Rudolf G. Wagner, edited by B. Mittler, J. & N. Gentz, and C. Yeh). Gossenberg: Ostasienverlag, 2019.
·Literary Forms of Argument in Early China. Leiden: Brill, 2015. With Dirk Meyer. (Paperback edition 2016).
·Religious Diversity in Chinese Thought. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. With Perry Schmidt-Leukel. (Online at Google Books). (Paperback edition 2015).
·Komposition und Konnotation - Figuren der Kunstprosa im Alten China (Bochumer Jahrbuch zur Ostasienforschung 29) 2005. With Wolfgang Behr.
讲座纪要
本次讲座围绕耿幽静与Sarah Queen于 2021 至 2023 年进行的为期两年的团队翻译项目展开。该项目以《公羊传》和《穀梁传》为研究对象，完成了约 1000 页的“厚翻译”工作。讲座从团队翻译的角度出发，探讨了翻译研究中的一些理论问题，尤其是如何通过团队合作减少翻译中的主观性和独断性。Gentz 教授指出，团队翻译的一个重要优势在于它能够通过持续的讨论，增强对翻译者内心直觉认知过程的控制。心理语言学家常将这一过程称为“黑箱”，而团队翻译的目标正是通过集体讨论，减少无意识的社会、文化、学术或性别惯习对翻译的干扰。这种方法不仅能够提高翻译的客观性，还能通过多角度的审视，使译文更加贴近原文的复杂性和多样性。
此外，讲座还深入探讨了内视（emic）与外视（etic）方法在翻译中的应用，特别是如何有选择地使用本土化、异化、澄清、显化和扩展等策略，以实现 Appiah 提出的“厚翻译”目标，即通过详尽的注释和解释，帮助外视英语读者更好地理解中国古代文本。
在讲座的最后部分，耿幽静教授分享了他们在翻译注释过程中发展出的一系列详细原则。这些原则不仅填补了翻译研究在这一领域的理论空白，还为未来的翻译实践提供了重要的参考。同时，他还比较了英语学者和中国学者在翻译中国古代文本时所面临的不同挑战。例如，英语学者需要克服语言和文化差异，而中国学者则需要在将古文翻译为现代汉语时，平衡原文的“模糊性”与现代语言的清晰性。
The lecture centered on a two-year team translation project conducted by Gentz and Sarah Queen from 2021 to 2023. The project focused on the Gongyang Zhuan and the Guliang Zhuan, resulting in a “thick translation” spanning approximately 1,000 pages. Professor Gentz began by discussing the theoretical issues in translation studies from the perspective of team translation, particularly how collaborative efforts can reduce subjectivity and arbitrariness in translation. He highlighted the significant advantage of team translation in enhancing control over the intuitive cognitive processes within the translator’s mind, often referred to by psycholinguists as the “black box.” Through continuous discussions, the team aimed to mitigate unconscious interventions rooted in social, cultural, academic, or gendered habitus, thereby improving the objectivity of the translation. This approach also allowed for a more nuanced understanding of the original text’s complexity and diversity through multi-faceted scrutiny.
Furthermore, the lecture explored the application of emic and etic approaches in translation, particularly how strategies such as domestication, foreignization, clarification, explication, and expansion were selectively employed to achieve what Appiah termed “thick translation.” This approach aims to provide an etic English readership with a deeper understanding of ancient Chinese texts through detailed annotations and explanations.
In the final part of the lecture, Professor Gentz shared a series of detailed principles developed during their translation of commentaries. These principles not only address a theoretical gap in translation studies but also provide valuable guidance for future translation practices. He also compared the challenges faced by English-speaking scholars and Chinese scholars when translating ancient Chinese texts. For instance, English-speaking scholars must navigate linguistic and cultural differences, while Chinese scholars need to balance the “ambiguity” of classical texts with the clarity required in modern Chinese.
在问答环节，耿幽静教授与各位与谈人热烈讨论，共同探讨翻译研究在中国哲学研究中的理论与实践意义。由于不同历史时期的学者对《公羊传》的理解存在显著差异，可能需要多次翻译。耿幽静教授认为，他的翻译是一个基础，未来的学者可以在此基础上进行新的翻译尝试。此外，针对古文“模糊性”的问题，耿幽静教授强调，这种“模糊性”并非真正的模糊，而是包含了丰富的解释可能性。他建议在翻译时，应尽可能提示读者原文的多重含义，并通过注释列举可能的解释，以保留原文的复杂性和开放性。
During the Q&A session, Professor Gentz engaged in a lively discussion with the discussants, exploring the theoretical and practical significance of translation studies in Chinese philosophy research. Given the significant differences in how scholars from different historical periods interpreted the Gongyang Zhuan, multiple translations might be necessary. Professor Gentz acknowledged that his translation serves as a foundation, and future scholars can build upon it with new attempts. Additionally, addressing the issue of the “ambiguity” of classical texts, Professor Gentz emphasized that this “ambiguity” is not true vagueness but rather encompasses a richness of interpretative possibilities. He suggested that translators should strive to alert readers to the multiple meanings of the original text and list possible interpretations through annotations, thereby preserving the complexity and openness of the source material.
(讲座参与人员合影)
